anthropoScene III :
Hellisheiði (2018/2021)
Video triptych, 2018 (revised Sept 2021). 3 HD screens (or 2 plus core sample in lit vitrine), 2.1 stereo audio.
Duration: 3mins. Split screen preview above. (Prologue text can be replaced in other languages.)
Première: Deutsches Museum, Munich, October 2018 in the exhibition (Um)weltschmerz: an Exercise in Humility & Melancholia.
🏆 Winner, 1st prize (awarded £1000), The Art of Energy exhibition, Centre for Energy Ethics, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 2021.
Exhibiting at the Chengdu Biennale, China, 16 July-22 November 2023 at Chengdu Museum of Art.
PROLOGUE TEXT:
The Climeworks/CarbFix2 project at Hellisheiði, Iceland is the world’s first industrial-scale "carbon scrubbing" experiment to capture carbon dioxide (CO₂) directly from Earth's atmosphere.
This CO₂ is mixed with water and pumped through domed injection wells down into active volcanic regions, where it becomes petrified as rock.
Most climate change policy tacitly assumes the success of such geoengineering experiments — despite many unanswered questions about their viability and long-term consequences.
BACKGROUND:
At COP21 in Paris, December 2015, the world’s leaders stated their “aspiration" to limit global warming to an upper limit of 1.5ºC this century. But if nations fail to decarbonise rapidly enough, there is no way to address overshoot of that target without some form of geoengineering (sometimes termed climate engineering) using technology — untested at scale and some of it with potential side-effects.
Installation view, Deutsches Museum Munich.
Exhibition photograph: Rachel Carson Center.
Forms of geoengineering known as Solar Radiation Management (SRM) essentially propose that we "hack" the Earth System — or at least fiddle with its thermostat. Another, arguably more benign, approach supported by the UN’s IPCC is Carbon Dioxide Removal (CDR). This employs carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies such as seen here.
Since October 2017 Hellishei∂i’s other-worldly test site has been capturing carbon dioxide directly from the air surrounding Reykjavík’s geothermal power station: anthropogenic greenhouse gases are captured, dissolved and sequestered deep within the rock of an active volcano. (In 2021 the project was significantly expanded and codenamed “Orca”; already construction of “Mammoth” is underway.)
Despite being complex, energy intensive and (for now) expensive, CDR has proven politically attractive as a “technofix”, an excuse to delay decarbonisation. Indeed all forms of geoengineering potentially come with what ethical philosophers such as Clive Hamilton identify as “moral hazards”.
Video artist Adam Sébire is drawn to this site for its modern-day alchemy and its post-industrial Promethean overtones: an unshakeable faith in the technological mastery of Homo sapiens.
In the video triptych, one of the three screens investigates the experiments at Hellishei∂i (the injection wells of CarbFix plus Climeworks’ white cube “carbon scrubber” DAC module, a prototype for what’s expected to be many thousands spread across the planet). In another, a core sample of the sequestered CO₂ — now mineralised as calcite within the basalt host rock — appears as a quasi-mystical object in a vitrine (in an exhibition this screen can be replaced by a real core sample). The third screen is more ambiguous: set in a future geological era where complex lifeforms seem to have disappeared, and where the planet is correcting an atmospheric imbalance. Now, geological processes reverse. After only a few hundred thousand years, homeostasis — equilibrium — will have returned.
oOo
More details and a discussion about geoengineering are available in a virtual exhibition featuring the work, curated by the Rachel Carson Center, Munich, in May 2019.
CO₂ injection well HN-16, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði site, Iceland
CO₂ injection well HN-16, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði site, Iceland
Hellisheidi DJI_0029.jpg
Hellisheidi CarbFix 2 CCS Iceland P1166235.jpg
CO₂ sequestration at CarbFix2 Hellisheiði, Iceland
Carbon injection wells, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði site, Iceland
Carbon dioxide injection well HN-16, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði site, Iceland
SulFix / CarbFix 2 area near Hellisheiði geothermal power plant, Iceland
Hellisheiði geothermal power plant, Iceland
CO₂ DAC (Direct Air Capture) unit, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði geothermal power plant, Iceland
CarbFix 1 core from injection site with carbon mineralised within basalt rock
CarbFix 1 core from early carbon injection experiments dating from 2012
Hellisheiði geothermal power plant, seen from the CarbFix1 climate engineering pilot site
CarbFix 1 carbon injection geoengineering site
The new Climeworks ORCA carbon capture plant
CO₂ injection well HN-16, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði site, IcelandHellisheidi DJI_0029.jpgHellisheidi CarbFix 2 CCS Iceland P1166235.jpgCO₂ sequestration at CarbFix2 Hellisheiði, IcelandCarbon injection wells, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði site, IcelandCarbon dioxide injection well HN-16, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði site, IcelandSulFix / CarbFix 2 area near Hellisheiði geothermal power plant, IcelandHellisheiði geothermal power plant, IcelandCO₂ DAC (Direct Air Capture) unit, Climeworks / CarbFix2 Hellisheiði geothermal power plant, IcelandCarbFix 1 core from injection site with carbon mineralised within basalt rockCarbFix 1 core from early carbon injection experiments dating from 2012Hellisheiði geothermal power plant, seen from the CarbFix1 climate engineering pilot site CarbFix 1 carbon injection geoengineering site The new Climeworks ORCA carbon capture plant
Left: Carbfix core sample showing captured CO₂ (the white material) now mineralised as calcite in the basalt rock. Above: Shots of the CarbFix2 / Climeworks project site in Iceland, 2017-19. To license any of these stills shots or video clips please go here or contact me directly. Images © 2023 Adam Sébire.